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In 1668, Sir Isaac Newton built the first operational reflecting telescope (the Newtonian reflector). Developed as a solution to the severe chromatic aberration (color distortion) that plagued contemporary refracting telescopes using glass lenses, Newton's design utilized a concave primary mirror to collect light and a flat diagonal secondary mirror to reflect the image to an eyepiece. This breakthrough revolutionized astronomy, allowing for compact, highly powerful telescopes that could view distant celestial bodies with unprecedented clarity.